Infra-orbital Hyper-pigmentation (Dark Circles): A Study of its Prevalence, Etiology and its Association with Other Dermatological Symptoms among Young Adults

Abstract

Background:   In this modern era, having healthy skin is important because it is the first layer of defense against environmental hazards and can give important clues to overall health. Healthy skin care is essential to treat and prevent many dermatological conditions and keep skin looking younger. Dark circles have become one of the most significant concerns for society. Dark circles under the eyes contribute to a tired, aged, and sad appearance mark the importance of understanding of dark circles for their management. Objective:  This study aims to determine the prevalence of IOHP in our society, to identify potential factors related to its etiology, and to co-relate IOHP with other dermatological symptoms, especially among young adults. Method:  The study had a cross-sectional design; it was analyzed among the age groups of 17–25 years through a questionnaire using a convenient non-probability sampling technique. The estimated sample size was calculated through open epi software. Results:  Total of 373 participants were included for statistical analysis. In participants 75.9% were females and 24.1% were males, mean age was found to be 20.97 SD 1.63 years, and mean weight 56.5 SD 11.4 kg. The prevalence of a high rate of IOHP was 79.1% among young adults and was associated with high psychological stress p=0.05, usage of face wash p=0.01, sunscreen p=0.01, and cosmetics p=0.03. Moreover, different dermatological skin symptoms, such as oily skin p=0.02 and acne/pimples p=0.05, were also found to be significantly associated. Conclusion:  The study identified many factors that were significantly associated with IOHP among young adults, such as the use of face wash and sunscreen cosmetics, high psychological stress, oily skin, and pimples or acne, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to treating dermatological conditions.