Levels of alpha 1 anti-trypsin levels and respiratory functions in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Keywords:
Pemphigus vulgaris, Pulmonary function, Alpha 1-antitrypsin, Respiratory complications, Autoimmune disorderAbstract
Objective: Role of Alpha 1 Anti-Trypsin and FEV1 in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris. Methods: A case-control research was carried out on 10 biopsy-proven PV patients and ten age-matched healthy controls. Both groups had pulmonary function tests (FEV1, total lung capacity, vital capacity), as well as alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. The Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) was utilized to assess disease severity in the PV group. The results were examined using the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. Results: These results showed pulmonary complications in 10 pemphigus vulgaris patients compared to 10 controls. In the pemphigus group (60 %( N6) females, 40 %( 4) males), 40 %( N4) had decreased FEV1 and 20 %( 2) had reduced alpha 1 antitrypsin levels. HRCT scans revealed granulomas, calcific nodules, chronic inflammation, and pleural thickening 4 patients of case group.FEV1 among cases and control compared with each other and difference was found to be significant<0.05).Similarly level of Alpha 1 case and control compared and difference was found to be significant The control group (30%(N3) females, 70%(7) males) had normal pulmonary function and HRCT findings. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in both FEV1 (p < 0.001) and alpha 1 antitrypsin levels (p < 0.001). Disease activity in pemphigus patients was moderate in 40%, severe in 40%, and extensive in 20%. These findings indicate a potential link between pemphigus vulgaris and pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: This study concludes that individuals with long-term pemphigus vulgaris may undergo lung alterations, such as a decrease in FEV1 and alpha 1-antitrypsin levels. In the therapy of PV, pulmonary involvement should be considered, especially in cases of long-term illness. Further study is required to understand the processes behind these respiratory problems.References
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