Dermatoscopic study in dermatophytosis involving skin, hair and nail
Keywords:
dermoscopy,, dermatophytosis, tinea cruris, tinea carporisAbstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the dermoscopic features of dermatophytic infections in the context of skin, hair, and nails. Additionally, the demographic profile of dermatophytosis cases in Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, a tertiary care centre was explored.  Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled 350 patients with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis attending the Dermatology Department at Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubballi. A purposive sampling of 323 patients was included. Demographic data and clinical history were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Dermoscopic examinations were conducted under aseptic conditions using a 10X magnification Digital Dermatoscope. Nail, hair, and clinically uncertain cases underwent KOH examinations.  Results  Among 210 tinea corporis cases, scales (100%) were prominent, with peripherally distributed scales subclassified into Biett’s collaret-like scaling (45.7%) and "moth-eaten appearance" (54.3%). A red background (93.3%) and grey background (31.4%) were noted. Tinea cruris primarily featured scaling (100%) and red background (91.1%). In tinea faciei, erythema (100%) and scales (93.5%) were prevalent, while tinea capitis exhibited perifollicular scales (100%) and broken hair (83.3%). Tinea pedis and manuum displayed white scales (100%) in skin creases, with erythema noted in 75% of cases. Dermoscopic features of tinea unguium included longitudinal ridges, white patches, and color changes.  Conclusion Dermoscopy revealed consistent patterns across age, sex, and affected site in dermatophytosis cases. Dermoscopy can complement clinical diagnosis, aiding in early initiation of treatment, reducing tinea prevalence, and minimizing unnecessary investigations. It holds potential significance, especially in the Indian dermatophytosis pandemic. These findings can be incorporated into treatment monitoring, with the disappearance of dermoscopic patterns suggesting therapy completion. ÂReferences
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